The Tongariro Ecological District, at the heart of the central volcanic plateau, is shaped by the towering volcanoes Ruapehu, Ngauruhoe and Tongariro. Its dramatic alpine climate, volcanic soils and steep terrain support a rich sequence of ecosystems, from lowland rimu and beech forests to tussocklands and open alpine communities. Rare plants along with kiwi, blue duck, falcon and high-altitude skinks and geckos, highlight its biodiversity. Though altered by fire, browsing animals and invasive species such as heather, much of the landscape remains protected within Tongariro National Park.