A diverse area of mountains, basins, and rolling country in inland Southland, comprising the Livingstone, Eyre, and Upukerora ecological districts. The Livingstone and Eyre districts are defined by steep, eroding mountains with variable geology, transitioning from moderately wet conditions in Livingstone to a more humid climate in Eyre. Their vegetation is a mosaic of beech forests and tussocklands. These districts are vital habitats for a wide diversity of forest birds, such as kākā and yellowhead, as well as unique alpine flora and fauna, including endemic plant species and rare geckos. The Upukerora district, in contrast, consists of lower, gentler hills and rolling country with poor moraine and outwash soils. While largely modified for farming, it retains significant areas of beech forest, tussockland, and wetlands, providing habitat for a range of native birds and reptiles.